What is 5G? 5G is the fifth generation of cellular mobile communications #5G #Internet #WhatsIs5G

What is 5G? 5G is the fifth generation of cellular mobile communications #5G #Internet #WhatsIs5G

What is 5G?

The Fifth generation of cellular mobile communications is called 5G. It succeeds the LTE/WiMax 4G, UMTS 3G and GSM 2G systems all over the world.

Performance target of the 5G includes high data-rate, reduced latency, energy-saving, reduction of the cost, system capacity higher than before, and massive-device-connectivity. By March-2019 5G first phase specifications in Release-15 will be completed, to accommodate early-commercial-deployment. The release-16 second phase will be completed by March-2023, for submission to the ITU as a candidate IMT-2023 technology.

The ITU IMT-2023 standard provides for high speeds up to 20-gigabits per second and has only been demonstrated with millimeter waves of 15 gigahertz and higher frequency. The more recent 3GPP standard includes any network using the NR New-Radio Software System.

5G New Radio can include the very lower-frequency system, which is from 600-MHz to 6-GHz. However, In these lower frequencies, speed is only modestly higher than new 4G systems, estimated at 15% to 50% faster.

5G Speed:

5G New Radio speed is from sub-600MHz to sub-6GHz bands can be modestly higher than 4G which is with a similar amount of spectrum and antennas.

5G Capabilities:

5G systems in line with IMT-2023 specifications are expected to provide an enhanced device and network-level capabilities, tightly coupled with intended applications.

The following eight parameters are key capabilities for IMT-2023 5G:

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Capability: Peak data rate

Description: Maximum achievable data rate

5G target: 20 Gbit/s

Usage Scenario: eMBB

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Capability: User experienced data rate

Description: Achievable data rate across coverage area

5G target: 1 Gbit/s

Usage Scenario: eMBB

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Capability: Latency

Description: Radio network contribution to packet travel time

5G target: 1 ms

Usage Scenario: URLLC

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Capability: Mobility

Description: Maximum speed for handoff and QoS requirements

5G target: 500 km/h

Usage Scenario: eMBB/URLLC

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Capability: Connection density 

Description: Total number of devices per unit area 

5G target: 106/km2 

Usage Scenario: MMTC

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Capability: Energy efficiency

Description: Data sent/received per unit energy consumption (by device or network)

5G target: Equal to 4G

Usage Scenario: eMBB

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Capability: Spectrum efficiency

Description: Throughput per unit wireless bandwidth and per network cell

5G target: 3-4x 4G

Usage Scenario: eMBB

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Capability: Area traffic capacity

Description: Total traffic across coverage area

5G target: 10 (Mbit/s)/m2

Usage Scenario: eMBB

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Note that 5G, as defined by 3GPP, includes spectrum below 6 GHz, with performance closer to 4G. The 3GPP definition is commonly used.

Deployment:

Development of 5G is being led by companies such as Huawei, Intel, and Qualcomm for modem technology and Lenovo, Nokia, Ericsson, ZTE, Cisco, and Samsung for infrastructure. AT&S is supporting the current roll-out of the 5G mobile communications generation with high frequency (HF) optimized interconnect solutions by developing and producing hybrid-printed circuit board (PCB) structures.

The worldwide commercial launch is expected in 2023 (As well as expected in EXPO 2023). Numerous operators have demonstrated 5G as well, including Korea Telecom for the 2021 Winter Olympics and Telstra at the 2021 Commonwealth Games. In the United States, the four major carriers have all announced deployments: AT&T's millimeter wave commercial deployments in 2021, Verizon's 5G fixed wireless launches in four U.S. cities and millimeter-wave deployments, Sprint's launch in the 2.5 GHz band, and T-Mobile's 600-MHz 5G launches in 30 cities. Vodafone performed the first UK trials in April 2021 using mid-band spectrum, and China Telecom's initial 5G buildout in 2021 will use mid-band spectrum as well.

Beyond mobile operator networks, 5G is also expected to be widely utilized for private networks with applications in industrial IoT, enterprise networking, and critical communications.

Mobile Networks:

Initial launches of 5G in the sub-6 GHz band will not diverge architecturally from existing LTE 4G infrastructure. Leading network equipment suppliers are Nokia, Huawei, and Ericsson.

5G Technology:

NRF (New Radio Frequencies), Frequency Range 1 (< 6 GHz), Frequency Range 2 (24–86 GHz), Massive MIMO Antennas, Edge Computing, Small Cell, Beamforming, Radio convergence, NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

First 5G Network Deployments:

These countries have announced 5G trials and network launches.

Qatar, United States, United Kingdom, Spain, Finland and Estonia, South Korea, Australia, Philippines, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Lesotho, Norway.